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英语常用虚拟语气讲解(2)
三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.英语中,如:advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,起虚拟语气的结构为:(should) + 原形动词。如:
The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。
The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. 党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。
但是,当insist的意思为:坚决认为,坚持说;suggest的意思为:表明,暗含,暗示等时,宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如:
Tom insisted that he hadn’t stolen the watch. 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。
His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。
2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为: should + 原形动词。如:
Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你能相信他竟杀死了一只老虎?
Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest? 你能想象得到他在跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名?
3. 英语中,wish之后的宾语从句,表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望,常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:
表示所发生的时间 虚拟语气结构
发生在主句动作之前 (1)had + 过去分词;
(2)would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词
与主句动作同时发生 过去时(be 用were )
发生在主句动作之后 would / could / might / should + 原形动词
例如:
I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已学好了英语。
I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。
He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。
4. 英语中,would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气。起虚拟语气的结构为:
表示所发生的时间 虚拟语气结构
过去 had + 过去分词;
现在 过去时(be 用were )
将来 过去时(be 用were )
例如:
I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
I’d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。
We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那儿。
四、主语从句中的虚拟语气
在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气,其虚拟语其的结构为: should + 动词原形,主句中的谓语动词形式不限。
句型:
(1) It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural …that…
(2) It is a pity / a shame / no wonder…. that…
(3) It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /…. that …
(4) It worries me that…
如:
It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我们先把功课学好很重要。
It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪,他竟没有来。
It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。
It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我们竟要受责备真让人烦恼。
五、表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气
英语中,表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时,表语从表面上看几屗及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:(should) + 动词原形。如:
We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我们接受了他的建议:我们应该请求老师的帮助。
He told us his idea that he should go to university. 他告诉了我们他的想法:他想上大学。
His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建议就是我们的工作要更细心些。
Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown. 他们的计划就是在家乡建一座新工厂。
六、定语从句中的虚拟语气
英语中,表示:“早该做某事了”时,定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形。如:
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。
七. 简单句中的虚拟语气
1. 说话时,为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌,言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为:would / could / might / should + 原形动词。如:
Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗?
You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。
I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。
2. 表示“祝愿”时,常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”。如:
May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。
May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。
3. 表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时,常用动词原形。如:
Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。
God bless us. 上帝保佑。
4. 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。
(1) 提出请求或邀请。如:
Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗?
Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗?
(2) 陈述自己的观点或看法。如:
I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。
I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。
(3) 提出劝告或建议。如:
You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。
You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。
(4) 提出问题。如:
Do you think he could get here on time? 你认为他能按时来吗?
Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗?
(5) 表示对过去情况的责备时,常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。如:
You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。
You should have returned it to him. 你应该把他还给他了。
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